source:- google.com.pk
An individual's diet is the sum of food and drink
that he or she habitually consumes. Dieting is the practice of attempting to
achieve or maintain a certain weight through diet. People's dietary choices are
often affected by a variety of factors, including ethical and religious
beliefs, clinical need, or a desire to control weight.
Not all diets are considered healthy. Some people
follow unhealthy diets through habit, rather than through a conscious choice to
eat unhealthily. Terms applied to such eating habits include "junk food
diet" and "Western diet". Many diets are considered by
clinicians to pose significant health risks and minimal long-term benefit. This
is particularly true of "crash" or "fad" diets – short-term
weight-loss plans that involve drastic changes to a person's normal eating
habits
Belief-based diet
Some people's dietary choices are influenced by their
religious, spiritual or philosophical beliefs.
Buddhist diet:
While Buddhism does not have specific dietary
rules, some buddhists practise vegetarianism based on a strict interpretation
of the first of the Five Precepts.
Edenic diet:
A diet
based on what Adam and Eve are believed to have consumed in Garden of Eden.
Usually either vegetarian or vegan, and based predominantly on fruit.
Hallelujah diet:
A form of
Christian vegetarianism developed in the 1970s. The creators interpret a verse
from the Bible as suggesting that Christians should only consume seed bearing
plants and fruits.
Hindu and Jain diets:
Followers
of Hinduism and Jainism often follow lacto-vegetarian diets, based on the
principle of Ahimsa (non-harming).
Islamic dietary laws:
Muslims follow a diet consisting solely of food
that is halal – permissible under Islamic law. The opposite of halal is haraam,
food that is Islamically Impermissible. Haraam substances include alcohol,
pork, and any meat from an animal which was not killed through the Islamic
method of ritual slaughter (Dhabiha).
I-tal:
A set of principles which influences the diet of
many members of the Rastafari movement. One principle is that natural foods
should be consumed. Some Rastafarians interpret I-tal to advocate vegetarianism
or veganism.
Kosher diet:
Food permissible under Kashrut, the set of Jewish
dietary laws, is said to be Kosher. Some foods and food combinations are
non-Kosher, and failure to prepare food in accordance with Kashrut can make
otherwise permissible foods non-Kosher.
Word of Wisdom:
The name of a section of the Doctrine and
Covenants, a book of scripture accepted by members of The Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints. Dietary advice includes
wholesome plants "in the season thereof," eating meat sparingly and only "in times
of winter, or of cold, or famine," and
grain as the "staff of life.
Weight control diets
A desire to lose weight is a common motivation to
change dietary habits, as is a desire to maintain an existing weight. Many
weight loss diets are considered by some to entail varying degrees of health
risk, and some are not widely considered to be effective. This is especially true
of "crash" or "fad" diets.
Many of the diets listed below could fall into
more than one subcategory. Where this is the case, it is noted in that diet's
entry.
Detox diets
Detox diets involve either not consuming or
attempting to flush out substances that are considered unhelpful or harmful.
Examples include restricting food consumption to foods without colourings or
preservatives, taking supplements, or drinking large amounts of water. The
latter practise in particular has drawn criticism, as drinking significantly
more water than recommended levels can cause hyponatremia.
Juice fasting: A form of detox diet, in which
nutrition is obtained solely from fruit and vegetable juices. The health
implications of such diets are disputed.
Crash diets
Crash diet and fad diet are general terms. They
describe diet plans which involve making extreme, rapid changes to food
consumption, but are also used as disparaging terms for common eating habits
which are considered unhealthy. Both types of diet are often considered to pose
health risks. Many of the diets listed here are weight-loss diets which would
also fit into other sections of this list. Where this is the case, it will be
noted in that diet's entry.
- Beverly Hills Diet: An extreme diet which has only fruits in the first days, gradually increasing the selection of foods up to the sixth week.
- Junk food diet: A diet largely made up of food considered to be unhealthy, such as high-fat or processed foods.
- Subway diet: A crash diet in which a person consumes Subway sandwiches in place of higher calorie fast foods. Made famous by former obese student Jared Fogle, who lost 245 pounds after replacing his meals with Subway sandwiches as part of an effort to lose weight.
- Watermelon diet: Liberace and his handlers covered up the entertainer's AIDS diagnosis by publicly attributing his suffered severe weight loss and health problems to anemia brought on by a strict watermelon-only diet; they later reversed those claims to publicize that Liberace was gravely ill from anemia, emphysema and heart disease.
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